In search for climate neutrality in ice hockey: A case of carbon footprint reduction in a Finnish professional team.

Mitigation actions in all sectors of society, including sports, to limit global warming have become an increasingly hot topic in public discussions and sports management. However, so far, there has been a lack of understanding and practical examples of how these organizations, especially in team sports, can holistically assess and reduce their climate impacts to achieve carbon neutrality. This paper presents a carbon footprint assessment, implemented actions for GHG emission reduction, and offers the example of a professional Finnish ice hockey team that achieved carbon neutrality. The study is based on a life cycle assessment method. The Results show that the team's carbon footprint was reduced from 350 tCO2eq by more than 50% between seasons 2018-2019 and 2021-2022 in the assessed categories. The most GHG emission reductions were achieved in the team's and spectators' mobility and ice hall energy consumption. Furthermore, the team compensated for their remaining emissions to achieve carbon neutrality. Multiple possibilities for further GHG emission reductions were recognized. The majority of the GHG emissions were linked to the Scope 3 category, indicating that co-operation with partners and stakeholders was a key to success in attaining carbon neutrality. This paper also discusses the possible limitations and challenges that sport organizations face in assessing climate impacts and reducing GHG emissions, as well as the prospects of overcoming them. Since there are many opportunities for sports to contribute to climate change mitigation, relevant targets and actions to reduce GHG emissions should be integrated into all sport organizations' management.

Investigation of sports participation motivation in people with disabilities: a cross-sectional study of individuals with physical and hearing impairments.

While reading the literature, it is seen that there are not enough studies on the motivation of disabled individuals to participate in sports. This study aims to examine the sports participation motivations of hearing impaired and physically disabled athletes. This study was a cross-sectional study. The research group of the study consists of physically and hearing-impaired individuals between the ages of 18-47. The participants of this research group consisted of 253 volunteer disabled individuals, 150 of whom were men and 103 of whom were women. Sports participation motivation scale was used for disabled individuals. The scale consists of 3 dimensions and is a 5-point Likert type. The results of the study showed that hearing-impaired people have a higher high school rate and physically person with disability have a higher bachelor's degree rate, but the primary education rate did not change between hearing and physically person with disability. Physical activity participation differed between hearing and physically person with disability, and it was observed that hearing-impaired people participated in more physical activities. The level of well-being of the physically disabled was significantly better than the hearing impaired. As conclusion, it is observed that the people with the lowest motivation to participate in sports are primary school graduates and those with high welfare have a high motivation to participate in sports.

Diseño y validación del cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad percibida en la gestión deportiva del futbol femenil / Desenho e validação do questionário para avaliação da qualidade percebida na gestão esportiva do futebol feminino / Design and validation of the questionnaire for the evaluation of the perceived quality in sports management of women’s soccer

El objetivo del presente trabajo es diseñar y validar la creación del cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad percibida en la gestión deportiva del futbol femenil. El muestreo fue intencional por conveniencia, con un total de 332 jugadoras y un rango de edad de entre los 18 y 51 años (M= 20.92; DE= 3.59). Se llevaron a cabo análisis de validez de constructo por medio de un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) así como un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) seguido de análisis de fiabilidad y varianzamedia extractada. El instrumento creado fue el GEDECAFF. Los resultados de los análisis factoriales mostraron 36 ítems divididos en 4 factores: (1) Interacción con el entrenador, (2) Instalaciones, (3) Servicio de personal e (4) Institucional; los indicadores de pertinencia fueron apropiados y explican el 76.25% de la varianza total. Los índices de ajuste, error y chi cuadrado son adecuados CFI = .90, TLI = .89 y RMSEA = .07, χ2/gl = 2.17. Los resultados muestran que Alfa de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald por factores está por encima de .90. En conclusión, el cuestionario GEDECAFF presenta las propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias y atiende las necesidades de los servicios ofrecidos por los distintos clubes, dando oportunidad a la mejora continua de la calidad del servicio en el futbol femenil.(AU)

The purpose of this study is to design and validate the creation of the questionnaire for the evaluation of theperceived quality in the sports management of women's soccer. The sampling was intentional for convenience, with a total of 332 soccer players and an age range between 18 and 51 years (M = 20.92; SD= 3.59). Construct validity analyses were carried out using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) followed by reliability analysis and extracted mean variance. The instrument created was the GEDECAFF. The result of the factor analysis showed 36 items divided into 4factors: (1) Interaction with a coach, (2) Facilities, (3) Personal service, and (4) Institutional; the relevance indicators were adequate, explaining 76.25% of the total variance. The fit and error indices are adequate CFI = .90, TLI = .89, and RMSEA = .07, regarding the χ2/df = 2.17. The results show that Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega by factors is above .90. In conclusion, the GEDECAFF questionnaire presents the appropriate psychometric properties and meets the needs of the services offered by the different women's soccer clubs, opening an opportunity for continuous improvement in the quality of service in women's soccer.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foivalidar a criação do questionário para avaliação da qualidade percebida na gestão desportiva do futebol feminino. A amostra foi intencional por conveniência, com um total de 332 jogadores de futebol e faixa etária entre 18 e 51 anos (M= 20.92; DP= 3.59). As análises de validade de construto foram realizadas por meio de uma análise fatorial exploratória (EFA), bem como uma análise fatorial confirmatória (CFA), seguida de análise de confiabilidade e variância média extraída. O instrumento criado foi o GEDECAFF. Os resultados das análises fatoriais mostraram 36 itens divididos em 4 fatores: (1) Interação com o formador, (2) Instalações, (3) Atendimento Pessoal e (4) Institucional; os indicadores de relevância foram adequados, explicando 76.25% da variância total. Os índices de ajuste e erro são adequados CFI = .90, TLI = .89 e RMSEA = .07, em relação ao χ2/df = 2.17. Os resultados mostram que o Alfa de Cronbach e o ômega do McDonald's por fatores estão acima de 0,90. Em conclusão, o questionário GEDECAFF apresenta as propriedades psicométricas adequadas e atende às necessidadesdos serviços oferecidos pelos diferentes clubes de futebol feminino, abrindo uma oportunidade de melhoria contínua na qualidade do serviço no futebol feminino.(AU)

Percepción de dirigentes deportivos locales y funcionarios municipales sobre políticas públicas deportivas locales de la comuna de Linares

La aplicación de las políticas públicas deportivas locales (PPDL) de la comuna de Linares se han visualizado gracias a la aplicación del Plan de Desarrollo Comunal de Actividad Física y Deportes (PDC AFyD) en el período 2018 - 2022 en la comunidad y las organizaciones deportivas locales (OODD), así como de funcionarios del propio municipio. Para conocer la percepción sobre la aplicación de PPDL se aplica una entrevista semiestructurada y confeccionada para tales efectos, a 28 dirigentes deportivos y 18 funcionarios municipales, de un universo muestral total de 127 posibles. Los individuos indican que, pese a ver cambios favorables en el período desconocen el proceso y, por ende, el mecanismo aplicado para el cambio, lo que despotencia la comprensión de la PPDL y el desarrollo de ésta por medio de las propias OODD y el municipio. La aplicación de las PPDL por medio de sus distintas herramientas e instrumentos requiere que se desarrolle bajo un proceso de consulta, pertinencia y complementación entre municipio, OODD, mundo educativo y vecinos beneficiarios; todo dentro de un marco de comunicación e información concreta y permanente que logre involucrar a todos los actores, brindando con ello una cuota de responsabilidad en su ejecución, control y evaluación.

The application of local public policies on sports (LPSP) of the commune of Linares has been visualized thanks to the application of the Communal Development Plan for Physical Activity and Sports (CDP PA&S) in the period 2018 - 2022 in the community and local sports organizations (LSO), as well as officials of the municipality itself. To know the perception of the implementation of LPSP, a semi-structured interview was applied to 28 sports leaders and 18 municipal officials out of a total sample universe of 127 possible. The individuals indicate that, despite seeing favorable changes in the period, they are unaware of the process and, therefore, the mechanism applied for change, which undermines the understanding of the LPSP and its development through the LSOO and the municipality. The application of the LPSP through its different tools and instruments requires that it be developed under a process of consultation, relevance, and complementarity between the municipality, LSOO, the educational world and beneficiary neighbors; all under a framework of communication and concrete and permanent information that manages to involve all the actors, thus providing a share of responsibility in its execution, control, and evaluation.

A implementação das políticas esportivas públicas locais (PEPL) na comuna de Linares foi visualizada graças à implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Comunitário para Atividade Física e Esporte (PDC AFyE) no período 2018 - 2022 na comunidade e organizações esportivas locais (OOEE), bem como funcionários do próprio município. Foi realizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada com 28 líderes esportivos e 18 funcionários municipais de um universo de amostra total de 127. Os indivíduos indicam que, apesar de verem mudanças favoráveis no período, não conhecem o processo e, portanto, o mecanismo aplicado para a mudança, o que prejudica a compreensão do PEPL e seu desenvolvimento através do OOEE e do próprio município. A implementação do PEPL através de suas diferentes ferramentas e instrumentos requer um processo de consulta, relevância e complementaridade entre o município, o OOEE, o mundo educacional e os vizinhos beneficiários; tudo isso dentro de uma estrutura de comunicação e informação concreta e permanente que envolva todos os atores, proporcionando assim uma parcela de responsabilidade em sua implementação, controle e avaliação.

Corrigendum: Dealing with great challenges via rigorous and relevant empirical sport management research.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1180710.].

"It Goes Hand in Hand with Us Trying to Get More Kids to Play" Stakeholder Experiences in a Sport and Active Recreation Voucher Program.

Vouchers that reduce the cost of sport and active recreation participation have been shown to increase children's and adolescent's physical activity levels. Yet, the influence of government-led voucher programs on the capacity of sport and active recreation organisations is unclear. This qualitative study explored the experiences of stakeholders in the sport and recreation sector that were engaged in implementing the New South Wales (NSW) Government's Active Kids voucher program in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 sport and active recreation providers. Interview transcriptions were analysed by a multidisciplinary team using the Framework method. Overall, participants reported that the Active Kids voucher program was an acceptable intervention to address the cost barrier to participation for children and adolescents. Three main steps influenced the capacity of organisations to deliver their sport and recreation programs and the voucher program: (1) Implementation priming-alignment of the intervention aims with stakeholder priorities and early information sharing, (2) Administrative ease-enhanced technology use and establishment of simple procedures, and (3) Innovation impacts-enablement of staff and volunteers to address barriers to participation for their participants. Future voucher programs should include strategies to enhance the capacity of sport and active recreation organisations to meet program guidelines and increase innovation.

Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas / Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity

Hasaan, A., y Fişne, M. (2021). Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. Como los deportistas son considerados una marca, gestionarla es un desafío para el mercado. La autenticidad de la marca es una herramienta que se puede utilizar para garantizar que esta se mantenga durante un período de tiempo más largo. Para comprender el concepto de autenticidad de la marca del deportista, se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones en varias bases de datos electrónicas. A partir de estudios anteriores que analizaron los atributos de autenticidad de marca para algunas de ellas, se identificaron un total de 76 atributos. Después de fusionar los interrelacionados, el número final de atributos únicos fue 23. Estos se dividieron en tres grandes temas: actividades en la cancha, actividades fuera de la cancha y actividades de marketing de un deportista. El estudio encuentra la complejidad relacionada con la autenticidad de la marca en que esta es un proceso multidimensional que perdura por períodos más largos de la carrera del atleta. El estudio actual también destaca las complicaciones al establecer la autenticidad de la marca del atleta y que ocurren debido a la naturaleza de esta.

Hasaan, A. & Fişne, M. (2021). Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. The management of an athlete brand is challenging due to the complex nature of athlete career and life. Striving to maintain brand authenticity will promote long-term sustainability of the brand. The purpose of the study is to determine possible factors that contribute to athlete brand authenticity and help athletes to develop their brand more authentically. To understand the concept of athlete brand authenticity, a systematic literature review was conducted on various electronic databases. The study opted the five-step stages of the framework for this systematic review. A total of 76 attributes were identified from past studies that analyzed the attributes of brand authenticity for various brands. After merging interrelated attributes, the final number of unique attributes was 23. These attributes were distributed among three major themes: on-field activities, off-field activities and marketing activities of an athlete. The study finds brand authenticity to be a multi-dimensional and complex process that endures for longer extensive periods of an athlete's career. The current study also highlights the complications related to an athlete brand that occur when establishing athlete brand authenticity. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity to refine athlete brand authenticity further within the discussed domains.

Hasaan, A. e Fişne, M. (2021). Entendendo as dimensões da autenticidade da marca dos atletas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. Como os atletas são considerados uma marca, gerenciá-la é um desafio para o mercado. A autenticidade da marca é uma ferramenta que pode ser usada para garantir que ela se mantenha por um período maior de tempo. Para entender o conceito de autenticidade da marca do atleta, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em diversas bases de dados eletrônicas. De estudos anteriores que analisaram atributos de autenticidade da marca para algumas delas, foram identificados 76 atributos. Após a fusão dos inter-relacionados, o número final de atributos únicos foi de 23. Estes foram divididos em três temas principais: atividades no campo, atividades fora do campo e atividades de marketing de um atleta. O estudo encontra a complexidade relacionada à autenticidade da marca, pois trata-se de um processo multidimensional que dura períodos mais longos. O presente estudo também destaca complicações relacionadas à marca de um atleta que ocorrem ao estabelecer a sua autenticidade devido à natureza dessa marca.

Competencies That Japanese Collegiate Sports Coaches Require for Dual-Career Support for Student Athletes.

The purpose of this study was to clarify coaches' competencies (COM) regarding dual-career (DC) support for student athletes in Japan. The questionnaire survey was conducted at 31 universities with an online survey URL that was distributed to 300 collegiate athletic coaches. In total, there were 152 respondents (female, 19; male, 133; mean age, 43.15 ± 12.07 years; coaching experience, 12.83 ± 9.72 years). The online survey adopted a Japanese-translated version of the Dual-Career Competency Questionnaire (DCCQ), which has been translated into nine languages and is widely used in European counties. The scale consists of six factors and 33 items, each rated on a five-point scale of importance (IM) and possession (PO). The Japanese version of the DCCQ was validated through a confirmatory factor analysis, and the internal consistency of the items was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In addition, we examined differences between the IM and PO for DC support by t-tests and by calculating effect sizes. The validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the DCCQ were confirmed based on the goodness-of-fit index and Cronbach's alpha coefficients, respectively. Our examination of the differences between IM and PO in DC support revealed that coaches perceived the importance of DC support but did not possess the necessary COM to offer DC support. That finding was similar to those of previous European studies. In particular, the Japanese coaches who participated in our online survey recognized the importance of COM in terms of "collaboration with various stakeholders and departments" for DC support but did not feel as though they held sufficient COM in that regard. In other words, the improvement of DC support requires the development of a coaching program that fosters COM to work with various stakeholders. This key insight provides a direction and specific focus for programs to improve coaches' DC support for student athletes.

Recommencement of football competition with spectators during the active phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Middle Eastern country.

BACKGROUND: With the global spread of COVID-19 infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus (SARS-CoV-2), all the national and international sports events were ceased early in 2020. The sport activities have been reinstated since then, albeit without spectators. However, several governments have established a variety of risk-mitigation measures to gradually reintroduce the spectators to stadiums. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the implementation of a strict health protocol to ensure the resumption of professional football with spectators and to access its effectiveness in limiting the spread of COVID-19 infections within the community. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study involving football players, match officials, local organizing committee members, working in close coordination, and over 16,000 spectators in the state of Qatar. We examined data from the Amir Cup final (December 18th, 2020), which was played under a strict protocol that included extensive reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for players and match officials, as well as the utility of COVID-19 rapid antigen and antibody testings as screening tools for spectators to ensure their safe return to the stadiums. In addition, we reviewed the guidelines and protocols that were put in place to organize Qatar's Amir Cup Football Final, which drew over 16,000 spectators in the stadium. RESULTS: A total of 16,171 spectators undertook rapid antigen and antibody tests for the Amir cup final (from December16-December18, 2020). Fifteen Spectators (n = 15) returned with a positive result for COVID-19 infection during the final event (positivity rate = 0.12%). All players underwent RT-PCR testing 48 h before the match. None of the players tested positive for COVID-19 infections. 1311 individuals reported having symptoms related to COVID-19 post final of Amir Cup. These spectators were tested for COVID-19 RT-PCR with an overall positivity rate (positive/reactive) to be 0.42% (69/16171). CONCLUSION: This report shows a meagre incidence rate of COVID-19 infections during and post-Amir Cup football final. Based on the low infectivity rate reported during and post the Amir Cup, we propose that supervised and controlled resumption of football matches with spectators can be carried out safely following a strict testing and tracing protocol. Similar infection control policies can be replicated with a higher number of spectators.

Sports management research: analysis of scientific development in Portugal (2008-2017) / Investigação em gestão do desporto: análise do desenvolvimento científico em Portugal (2008-2017)

ABSTRACT Scientific research in the field of sports management and its respective academic improvement has been pointed out and recognised by several authors as the path to follow for a better understanding of its importance in the global development of sport, as well as in the improvement of academic curricula and skills of sports managers. This study aims to analyse the scientific and academic production of three Portuguese public universities, being this the main source and origin of the knowledge generated over the last decades. Methodologically, we analysed 193 master dissertations successfully completed between 2008 and 2017 available in institutional scientific repositories, as well as in the national library. The results point to a growth of scientific knowledge in Portugal, validated by the considerable evolution in the number of completed works in distinct areas in sports management, mainly in the scope of planning and strategy, human resources and sociological aspects, which helps to reinforce its multidisciplinary and differentiating character. The data obtained allow us to expose a considerable part of the knowledge produced in Portugal, thus contributing to the strengthening of some areas and future research in sports management, given that it is crucial to aggregate the existing knowledge by enhancing new paths and future opportunities. We conclude that research in Portugal reflects the global growth of scientific knowledge and the increasing interest in sports management, both at qualitative and quantitative levels, while also following international concerns and trends.

RESUMO A investigação científica no campo da gestão do desporto e a respetiva valorização académica, tem sido apontada e reconhecida por diversos autores como o caminho a percorrer para uma melhor compreensão da sua importância no desenvolvimento global do desporto, assim como na melhoria dos curricula académicos e respetivas competências dos gestores desportivos. Este estudo tem como objetivo a análise da produção científica e académica de três universidades públicas portuguesas, sendo esta a principal fonte e origem do conhecimento gerado ao longo das últimas décadas. Metodologicamente, analisámos 193 dissertações de mestrado concluídas com sucesso entre 2008 e 2017 e disponíveis nos repositórios científicos institucionais, assim como na Biblioteca Nacional. Os resultados apontam para um crescimento do conhecimento científico em Portugal, validado pela evolução considerável do número de trabalhos finalizados em diversas linhas de investigação da gestão do desporto, principalmente no âmbito do planeamento e estratégia, recursos humanos e aspetos sociológicos, pelo que ajudam a reforçar o seu carácter multidisciplinar e diferenciador. Os dados obtidos permitem explanar parte considerável do conhecimento produzido em Portugal, contribuindo assim para o reforço de algumas áreas e futuras investigações em gestão do desporto, sendo de vital importância agregar o conhecimento existente, potenciando novos caminhos e oportunidades futuras. Concluímos que a investigação em Portugal reflete o crescimento global do conhecimento científico e o interesse cada vez maior na gestão do desporto, quer em níveis qualitativos quer quantitativos, ao mesmo tempo que segue as preocupações e tendências internacionais.

Organising football matches with spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic: What can we learn from the Amir Cup Football Final of Qatar 2020? A call for action.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a potential threat to professional sporting events when they eventually return to their usual calendar with spectators' capacity of football stadiums usually exceeding 40,000 seats for important events. Hence, a strategy for safe return to sporting events is needed in the COVID-19 pandemic to pave the way towards a new normalcy. We reviewed the guidelines and policies implemented in organising the Amir Cup Football Final of Qatar, which hosted about 20,000 fans. The authors evaluated the publicly available information on the official websites of the various organizations involved and highlight the importance and usefulness of the Covid-19 Rapid Antigen Assay-Kit as a tool for screening sports spectators as well as the importance of a rigorous spectator pathway, including their accurate traceability thanks to a specific mobile phone application. Despite the surging of COVID-19 all over the world, a big football event with around 20,000 spectators in the same stadium has been hosted under strongly controlled preventative measures. These preventative measures show that it is possible to organize a major football match held outdoors, with the presence of thousands of supporters. This article is a call for action for the organisers of such events where the supporters' health status is traceable to provide the scientific community with actual data of post-event infection rates. Therefore, it is suggested to consider using procedures like the ones described in the present article as a potential model in the process of organizing big sporting events with spectators in times of COVID-19.

Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity / Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas

Abstract Hasaan, A. & Fişne, M. (2021). Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-25. The management of an athlete brand is challenging due to the complex nature of athlete career and life. Striving to maintain brand authenticity will promote long-term sustainability of the brand. The purpose of the study is to determine possible factors that contribute to athlete brand authenticity and help athletes to develop their brand more authentically. To understand the concept of athlete brand authenticity, a systematic literature review was conducted on various electronic databases. The study opted the five-step stages of the framework for this systematic review. A total of 76 attributes were identified from past studies that analyzed the attributes of brand authenticity for various brands. After merging interrelated attributes, the final number of unique attributes was 23. These attributes were distributed among three major themes: on-field activities, off-field activities and marketing activities of an athlete. The study finds brand authenticity to be a multi-dimensional and complex process that endures for longer extensive periods of an athlete's career. The current study also highlights the complications related to an athlete brand that occur when establishing athlete brand authenticity. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity to refine athlete brand authenticity further within the discussed domains.

Resumen Hasaan, A. y Fişne, M. (2021). Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-25. Como los deportistas son considerados una marca, gestionarla es un desafío para el mercado. La autenticidad de la marca es una herramienta que se puede utilizar para garantizar que esta se mantenga durante un período de tiempo más largo. Para comprender el concepto de autenticidad de la marca del deportista, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en varias bases de datos electrónicas. A partir de estudios anteriores que analizaron los atributos de autenticidad de marca para algunas de ellas, se identificaron un total de 76 atributos. Después de fusionar los interrelacionados, el número final de atributos únicos fue 23. Estos se dividieron en tres grandes temas: actividades en el campo, actividades fuera del campo y actividades de marketing de un deportista. El estudio encuentra la complejidad relacionada con la autenticidad de la marca en que esta es un proceso multidimensional que perdura por períodos más largos. El estudio actual también destaca las complicaciones relacionadas con la marca de un deportista que ocurren al establecer la autenticidad de la marca del atleta debido a la naturaleza de la marca del atleta.

Resumo Hasaan, A. e Fişne, M. (2021). Entendendo as dimensões da autenticidade da marca dos atletas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-25. Como os atletas são considerados uma marca, gerenciá-la é um desafio para o mercado. A autenticidade da marca é uma ferramenta que pode ser usada para garantir que ela se mantenha por um período maior de tempo. Para entender o conceito de autenticidade da marca do atleta, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em diversas bases de dados eletrônicas. De estudos anteriores que analisaram atributos de autenticidade da marca para algumas delas, foram identificados 76 atributos. Após a fusão dos inter-relacionados, o número final de atributos únicos foi de 23. Estes foram divididos em três temas principais: atividades no campo, atividades fora do campo e atividades de marketing de um atleta. O estudo encontra a complexidade relacionada à autenticidade da marca, pois trata-se de um processo multidimensional que dura períodos mais longos. O presente estudo também destaca complicações relacionadas à marca de um atleta que ocorrem ao estabelecer a sua autenticidade devido à natureza dessa marca.

Predicting Fitness Centre Dropout.

The phenomenon of dropout is often found among customers of sports services. In this study we intend to evaluate the performance of machine learning algorithms in predicting dropout using available data about their historic use of facilities. The data relating to a sample of 5209 members was taken from a Portuguese fitness centre and included the variables registration data, payments and frequency, age, sex, non-attendance days, amount billed, average weekly visits, total number of visits, visits hired per week, number of registration renewals, number of members referrals, total monthly registrations, and total member enrolment time, which may be indicative of members' commitment. Whilst the Gradient Boosting Classifier had the best performance in predicting dropout (sensitivity = 0.986), the Random Forest Classifier was the best at predicting non-dropout (specificity = 0.790); the overall performance of the Gradient Boosting Classifier was superior to the Random Forest Classifier (accuracy 0.955 against 0.920). The most relevant variables predicting dropout were "non-attendance days", "total length of stay", and "total amount billed". The use of decision trees provides information that can be readily acted upon to identify member profiles of those at risk of dropout, giving also guidelines for measures and policies to reduce it.

Portrait of Boredom Among Athletes and Its Implications in Sports Management: A Multi-Method Approach.

There is a common misconception that elite athletes enjoy their sports activities so much that they cannot feel bored. However, this research reveals that boredom is a prevalent emotion among professional, amateur, and college athletes that impacts their performance, brand preferences, and overconsumption behaviors. This investigation relies on a multi-method approach. Qualitative data were collected through interviewing athletes (n = 123), and the critical incident technique was used to record factual boredom incidents. Quantitative data were collected through a survey and analyzed using hierarchical regression models. The purpose of the survey was to evaluate athletes' proneness to boredom and then present a typical sports consumption scenario in which athletes' brand preferences and overconsumption behaviors were captured. Overall findings from this research indicate that episodes of boredom are common among athletes when they engage in repetitive tasks (34.8%); negative mood is anticipated (16.9%); teammates show a lack of interest and seriousness (15.7%); they must endure periods of waiting (13.5%); there is a lack of competitiveness and goal-setting (10.1%); there is a lack of participation in activities (4.5%); there is a lack of empathy with teammates and coaches (3.3%); and there are infrastructure issues (1.1%). Furthermore, this study presents evidence that boredom negatively impacts athletes' performance (ß = -0.41). Then, in a specific sports consumption scenario that uses sports drinks, this study finds that a more boredom-prone athlete has a higher chance of purchasing different brands of the same product (ß = 0.37) and engaging in overconsumption behaviors (ß = 0.44). The relationships among boredom, performance, variety seeking, and impulse buying are congruent with previous research on boredom. This research discusses several sports management implications and presents recommendations from coaches on how to cope with athletes' boredom.

Institucionalização da ginástica para todos no brasil: três décadas de desafios e conquistas (1988-2018) / Institutionalization of gymnastics for all in brazil: three decades of challenges and achievements (1988-2018) / Institucionalización de la gimnasia para todos en brasil: tres décadas de desafíos y logros (1988-2018)

Este estudo analisou a institucionalização da Ginástica Para Todos (GPT) no âmbito da Confederação Brasileira de Ginástica (CBG), entre 1988 e 2018. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e um estudo de campo, incluindo entrevistas e questionários, cujos dados foram tra - tados por análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se um paulatino crescimen - to da GPT, embora ainda sem a consolidação de um festival nacional. Os profissionais que atuam junto à CBG contribuíram para mudanças administrativas, apesar de ainda haver dificuldades na constituição do comitê. Constatou-se que a formação de especialistas é realizada funda - mentalmente pelas universidades, sem a participação da CBG. Por fim, é patente a maior atenção ao esporte de alto rendimento, dificultando o desenvolvimento da GPT nacionalmente.

This study analyzed the institutionalization of Gymnastics for All (GfA) within the Brazilian Gymnastics Confederation (CBG), between 1988 and 2018. A documental research and a field research were conduct, including interviews and questionnaires, whose data were treated by content analysis. We identified a gradual growth of GfA, although still without the consolidation of a national festival. The experts which collaborate with CBG contributed to administrative changes, despite difficulties in setting up the committee are still noted. It was found that the instructors training is carried out meanly by universities, without the participation of the CBG. Finally, greater attention to high performance sport is evident, hindering the development of GfA nationally.

Este estudio analizó la institucionalización de la Gimnasia para Todos (GPT) en el interior de la Confederación Brasileña de Gimnasia (CBG), entre 1988 y 2018. Una investigación documental y un estudio de campo fue realizado, incluyendo entrevistas y cuestionarios, cuyos datos fueron tratados por análisis de contenido. Identificamos un crecimiento gradual de GPT, aunque todavía sin la consolidación de un festival nacional. Los profesionales que trabajaran para la CBG contribuyeron para cambios administrativos, aunque las dificultades para establecer el comité. Se descubrió que la formación de especialistas se lleva a cabo principalmente por las universidades, sin la participación de la CBG. Finalmente, es evidente una mayor atención al deporte de alto rendimiento, lo que dificulta el desarrollo de GPT a nivel nacional.

Políticas públicas de desporto: promoção de desportos náuticos na área metropolitana de Lisboa / Sports public policy: water sports promotion in the Lisbon metropolitan area / Política pública de deporte: promoción de deportes acuáticos en el área metropolitana de Lisboa

Esta investigação visa compreender as Políticas de Promoção de Desportos Náuticos formuladas por seis Municípios da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa com relação direta a planos de água naturais e que partilham fronteiras. Metodologicamente utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa e interpretativa, tendo sido aplicado um modelo de análise com indicadores de natureza estrutural, financeira, estratégica e intermunicipal.Estes Municípios integram treze espaços naturais e trinta e seis praias onde é possível praticar desportos náuticos, estando ainda prevista a construção de dois Centros Náuticos Desportivos. Concluiu-se que todos os Municípios avaliados têm uma Política Municipal destinada ao Fomento da Prática de Desportos Náuticos que engloba medidas estruturais, formativas e desportivas.

This research seeks to understand the Sports Promotion Policies of Promotion of Nautical Sports formulated by six Municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon with direct relation to natural water plans that share borders. Methodologically we used a qualitative and interpretative approach. The analysis model included indicators of structural, financial, strategic and inter-municipal nature. These municipalities include Thirteen Natural Spaces and Thirty-Six Beaches where it is possible to practice Nautical Sports, being planned the construction of two Nautical Sports Centers. It was concluded that all the municipalities analyzed have a Municipal Policy for the Promotion of the Practice of Nautical Sports that includes structural, educational and sporting measures.

Esta investigación busca entender las Políticas de Promoción de Deportes Náuticos formulada por seis municipios del Área Metropolitana de Lisboa con relación directa a planes de agua naturales que comparten fronteras. Metodológicamente utilizamos un enfoque cualitativo e interpretativo. El modelo de análisis contenía indicadores de naturaleza estructural, financiera, estratégica e intermunicipal. Estos Municipios integran Trece Espacios Naturales y Treinta y seis Playas donde es posible practicar Deportes Náuticos, estando prevista la construcción de dos Centros Náuticos Deportivos. Concluimos que todos los Municipios analizados tienen una Política Municipal destinada al Fomento de la Práctica de Deportes Náuticos que engloba medidas estructurales, formativas e deportivas.

O jogo de três toques: apontamentos histórico-sociais da estrutura do voleibol em Curitiba (1932-2015) / The game of three touch: an analysis of the structure of volleyball in Curitiba (1932-2015) / El juego de tres toques: un análisis de la estructura del voleibol en Curitiba (1932-2015)

A partir de uma perspectiva histórico-social do voleibol na cidade de Curitiba/PR, o presente artigo tem por objetivo principal identificar e analisar os processos que levaram a estruturação de instituições e associações esportivas paralelas à Federação Paranaense de Voleibol, e como essas instituições influenciaram o desenvolvimento da modalidade, inclusive suas competições, em nível regional. Metodologicamente, pautamos o estudo numa pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho descritivo e análise documental. Como recorte temporal, delimitamos inicialmente o ano de 1932, ano em que encontramos o primeiro registro sobre o desenvolvimento da modalidade no Paraná, até o ano de 2015. A guisa de conclusões, constatamos que o surgimento de novas instituições fomentadoras do voleibol no estado do Paraná, aliadas à parcerias entre os poderes públicos e privados, tornou possível um aprimoramento de novas formas e estratégias de organização e gestão do voleibol que, por sua vez, acarretou numa qualificação e desenvolvimento da modalidade em âmbito regional.

From a historical-social perspective of volleyball in the city of Curitiba / PR, this article aims to identify and analyze the processes that led to the structuring of sports institutions and associations parallel to the Paraná Volleyball Federation, and how these institutions influenced the development of the sport, including its competitions, at the regional level. Methodologically, we base the study on a qualitative research, of a descriptive nature and documentary analysis. As a time frame, we initially delimited the year 1932, the year in which we found the first record on the development of the sport in Paraná, until the year 2015. As a conclusion, we found that the emergence of new institutions that promote volleyball in the state of Paraná, together with partnerships between public and private powers, made it possible to improve new forms and strategies for organizing and managing volleyball, which, in turn, led to a qualification and development of the sport at the regional level.

Desde una perspectiva histórico-social del voleibol en la ciudad de Curitiba / PR, este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar los procesos que condujeron a la estructuración de instituciones y asociaciones deportivas paralelas a la Federación de Voleibol de Paraná, y cómo estas instituciones influyeron El desarrollo del deporte, incluidas sus competiciones, a nivel regional. Metodológicamente, basamos el estudio en una investigación cualitativa, de naturaleza descriptiva y análisis documental. Como marco de tiempo, delimitamos inicialmente el año 1932, año en el que encontramos el primer registro sobre el desarrollo del deporte en Paraná, hasta el año 2015. Como conclusión, encontramos la aparición de nuevas instituciones que promueven el voleibol en el estado de Paraná, junto con las alianzas entre los poderes públicos y privados, permitió mejorar nuevas formas y estrategias para organizar y gestionar el voleibol, lo que, a su vez, condujo a una calificación y desarrollo del deporte a nivel regional

A relação público-privado na gestão de instalações esportivas na Espanha: um olhar sobre Sevilha / The public-private relationship in the management of sports facilities in Spain: a look at Seville

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o processo de implementação de instalações esportivas na Espanha, com um olhar mais aprofundado sobre as instalações públicas de esporte de Sevilha, tendo por base a relação público-privado na gestão daquelas. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa documental e teórica em autores espanhóis, tendo um caráter quantitativo e qualitativo. Foi possível perceber que houve diminuição do crescimento da construção de instalações esportivas na Espanha, tendo ocorrido uma descentralização da gestão em direção a administração local e as empresas privadas. No âmbito da cidade de Sevilha identificamos que não houve crescimento da quantidade de instalações esportivas, sendo que os diferentes modelos de gestão (direta, social e privada) apresentam instalações, atividades e sociabilidades diferentes.

This research aimed to analyze the process of implementation of sports facilities in Spain, with a more in-depth look at the public sports facilities of Seville, based on the public-private relationship in the management of those facilities. The study was developed from a documentary and theoretical research in Spanish authors, having a quantitative and qualitative character. It was possible to notice that there was a decrease in the growth of the construction of sports facilities in Spain, with a decentralization of management towards the local administration and private companies. In the city of Seville we identified that there was no increase in the number of sports facilities, and the different management models (direct, social and private) present different facilities, activities and sociabilities.